Hi @DerekStrickland,
thanks a lot for checking my setup and your suggestions.
I actually tried them both already, sticking to the exact tutorial code (type service and using traefik:v2.2) and only after I was not successful, I went into testing different options. Using type system works for making traefik available on all node IPs, but it is actually cheating because this gives me one instance running on every node, so no routing needed from one node to another.
I am still having this issue, however I think I know the reason for it. It is probably caused by the same issue I am discussing over in this thread: Internal routing problem - #3 by davosian1. Unfortunately, I have not found the solution for it yet, but I am pretty sure it comes down to a small tweak in the network behavior for either Consul or Nomad. Any ideas are welcome 