I have tested this on using both Virtualbox and VMware Fusion.
For both FreeBSD 14 and Fedora 39 the /home/vagrant/.ssh directory is not being created.
Debian 12 works without problem.
Without the Vagrant default key the provisioning part of configuration cannot execute.
I see the following messages when doing a vagrant up
SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2200
SSH username: vagrant
SSH auth method: private key
Warning: Authentication failure. Retrying...
I can login using vagrant ssh using the default password for the vagrant account.
When look at the /home/vagrant directory:
FreeBSD 14 I see:
ls -la
total 1
drwxr-xr-x 2 vagrant vagrant 2 Jan 29 20:03 .
drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 3 Jan 29 20:03 ..
Fedora 39 I see:
ls -la
total 12
drwx------. 2 vagrant vagrant 62 Jan 10 11:22 .
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 21 Jan 10 11:22 ..
-rw-r--r--. 1 vagrant vagrant 18 Jul 19 2023 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--. 1 vagrant vagrant 144 Jul 19 2023 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r--. 1 vagrant vagrant 522 Jul 19 2023 .bashrc
on Debian 12 I see
ls -la
total 32
drwx------ 3 vagrant vagrant 4096 Jun 18 19:48 .
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jan 4 23:30 ..
-rw------- 1 vagrant vagrant 252 Jun 19 15:11 .bash_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 vagrant vagrant 220 Jan 4 23:30 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- 1 vagrant vagrant 3520 Jan 4 23:36 .bashrc
-rw-r--r-- 1 vagrant vagrant 807 Jan 4 23:30 .profile
drwx------ 2 vagrant vagrant 4096 Jun 18 19:32 .ssh
-rw-r--r-- 1 vagrant vagrant 13 Jan 4 23:36 .vimrc
Any suggestions?